01 - Preheat the oven to 400°F.
02 - Heat olive oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Sauté onion, carrots, celery, and garlic for 5 minutes until softened.
03 - Add ground beef and cook, stirring constantly, until browned throughout.
04 - Stir in tomato paste and cook for 2 minutes, then add chopped tomatoes, oregano, basil, bay leaf, salt, pepper, red wine if using, and sugar.
05 - Simmer uncovered for 20–25 minutes, stirring occasionally, until sauce thickens. Remove bay leaf before proceeding.
06 - Boil pasta in a large pot of salted water until al dente. Drain thoroughly and set aside.
07 - In a large mixing bowl, toss cooked pasta with Bolognese sauce until evenly coated.
08 - Transfer mixture to a lightly greased 9x13 inch baking dish. Sprinkle mozzarella and Parmesan evenly over surface.
09 - Bake for 15–20 minutes until cheese melts and turns golden brown.
10 - Let rest for 5 minutes before serving to allow flavors to settle.